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PHY301

Classical Mechanics II

  • Sciences
  • 300 level
  • 3 credit units
  • 136 pages
  • 11 units

This course introduces fundamental principles of classical mechanics. It covers constraints, generalized coordinates, motion under central conservative forces, and scattering. Students will explore Kepler's laws, motion in non-inertia frames, and Lagrange's and Hamilton's formulations. The course aims to equip learners with analytical skills applicable in various fields of physics and engineering, emphasizing problem-solving and theoretical understanding of mechanical systems.

About this course

Difficulty
Intermediate
Study hours
156 hours
Maths
Advanced
Content
Theoretical, problem solving
Practical work
No
Before you start
  • PHY 201: Analytical Mechanics
How it is assessed
  • Assignments
  • Tutor Marked Assessments
  • Final Examination

One paragraph, so you can see how it reads

PHY301 · UNIT 1 CONSTRAINTS

The number of degrees of freedom is defined as the number of independent coordinates that is needed to identify uniquely the configuration of the system.

What you should be able to do

  1. Explain and distinguish between different classes of constraints.
  2. Express physical quantities in terms of generalized coordinates.
  3. Calculate the Lagrangian and Lagrange's equation of motion for physical systems.
  4. Calculate the Hamiltonian and Hamilton's equation of motion for physical systems.
  5. Describe motion under central conservative force.
  6. Explain scattering cross section.
  7. Determine the time derivatives of motion in fixed and rotating reference frames.
  8. Explain the motion relative to earth and its application in a free falling object.

What it prepares you for

Careers
  • Theoretical Physicist
  • Research Scientist
  • Aerospace Engineer
  • Mechanical Engineer
  • Data Analyst
Where it is applied
  • Aerospace
  • Defense
  • Research and Development
  • Academia
  • Engineering

Where it gets hard

The units students slow down on, and what makes each one heavy.

  • Module 2: Lagrange's and Hamilton's formulation of mechanics

    Unit 3: Hamiltonian Mechanics

    The Legendre transform requires a strong understanding of multivariable calculus and its application to physical systems, which can be challenging for students without a solid mathematical background.

  • Module 3: Central force and scattering

    Unit 3: Scattering Cross Section

    The mathematical derivations and conceptual understanding of differential and total cross-sections require a strong foundation in calculus and physics.

A suggested way through it

Suggested

13 weeks, about 43 hours in total. Yours will differ.

  1. Week 1Module 1: Generalized Coordinates and Constraints
    • Unit 1: Constraints · 2 hours

      Define degrees of freedom and constraints.. Distinguish between holonomic and non-holonomic constraints.. Give examples of holonomic and non-holonomic constraints..

    • Unit 2: Generalized Coordinates · 2 hours

      Write physical quantities in terms of generalized coordinates.. Use constraints equation to define different generalized coordinate schemes.. Calculate azimuthal angle..

  2. Week 2Module 1: Generalized Coordinates and Constraints
    • Unit 3: Virtual work, Virtual Displacement and Generalized Forces · 3 hours

      Explain virtual displacement, virtual work and generalized forces.. Express total differential of any set of system position vectors in terms of virtual displacement.. Solve related problems..

  3. Week 3Module 2: Lagrange's and Hamilton's formulation of mechanics
    • Unit 1: D'Alembert's Principle of Virtual Work · 3 hours

      Derive D'Alembert's Principle from Newton's Second Law Of Motion.. Reformulate Newton's equations system as a system of equations for the generalized coordinates.. Use D'Alembert's principle to relate generalized forces to the rate of change of the momenta..

  4. Week 4Module 2: Lagrange's and Hamilton's formulation of mechanics
    • Unit 2: Lagrangian Mechanics · 3 hours

      Express the Lagrangian L in Cartesian coordinates.. Transform L to generalized coordinates.. Give Lagrange's equations in generalized coordinates..

  5. Week 5Module 2: Lagrange's and Hamilton's formulation of mechanics
    • Unit 3: Hamiltonian Mechanics · 3 hours

      Explain Legendre transform.. Understand the application of legendre transform in thermodynamics.. Find the Legendre transform of any function..

  6. Week 6Module 3: Central force and scattering
    • Unit 1: The Generic Central Force Problem · 3 hours

      Define central force and know the properties of an isolated two body central force system.. Discuss the reduction of the two body problem to a mathematically equivalent problem of a single particle moving in one direction.. Explain different shape of the effective potential energy function and its implications for the motion of the system..

  7. Week 7Module 3: Central force and scattering
    • Unit 2: Kepler's Problem · 3 hours

      State the three Kepler's Laws.. Prove the three Keplers laws.. Define an orbit.. Derive and explain the conic equation of an orbit..

  8. Week 8Module 3: Central force and scattering
    • Unit 3: Scattering Cross Section · 3 hours

      State the expression for energy of a system of particle incident on a force center subject to a scattering potential.. Calculate the differential cross section.. Calculate the total cross section..

  9. Week 9Module 4: Motion in non-inertia reference frame
    • Unit 1: Time Derivative in Fixed and Rotating Frames · 3 hours

      Derive the time derivatives of vector A in fixed and rotating reference frame.. State the expressions for translational velocity and acceleration, V and A respectively.. Determine the relationship between the velocities of fixed and rotating reference frame..

  10. Week 10Module 4: Motion in non-inertia reference frame
    • Unit 2: Motion Relative to Earth · 3 hours

      Represent the rotation of the earth in terms of fixed frame of latitude angle λ and the azimuthal angle ψ.. State the expression for acceleration of a point as observed in the rotating frame O.. State the expression for pure gravitational acceleration in the rotating frame of the Earth..

  11. Week 11Final Revision
    • Final Revision · 4 hours

      Review all modules. Work on assignments. Prepare for TMAs.

  12. Week 12Final Revision
    • Final Revision · 4 hours

      Complete any outstanding assignments. Review difficult concepts. Practice problem-solving.

  13. Week 13Final Revision
    • Final Revision · 4 hours

      Focus on key concepts. Review formulas and equations. Simulate exam conditions.

Preparing for the exam

What to do
  • Prioritize understanding of core concepts: Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, central forces, and non-inertial frames.
  • Practice solving a variety of problems from each unit, focusing on applying theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios.
  • Create concept maps linking different modules to reinforce connections between topics.
  • Review all Tutor-Marked Assignments (TMAs) and address any feedback from your tutor.
  • Allocate specific time slots for revision each week, focusing on areas of weakness.
  • Practice past exam papers under timed conditions to improve speed and accuracy.
  • Formulate a study group to discuss challenging concepts and share problem-solving strategies.
  • Focus on understanding the derivations of key equations, not just memorizing them.
  • Create flashcards for important formulas and definitions to aid memorization.
  • Ensure you understand the applications of each concept to real-world scenarios.

Questions students ask about this course

What is PHY301 about?

This course introduces fundamental principles of classical mechanics. It covers constraints, generalized coordinates, motion under central conservative forces, and scattering. Students will explore Kepler's laws, motion in non-inertia frames, and Lagrange's and Hamilton's formulations. The course aims to equip learners with analytical skills applicable in various fields of physics and engineering, emphasizing problem-solving and theoretical understanding of mechanical systems.

How many units does PHY301 have?

PHY301, Classical Mechanics II, has 11 units across 4 modules, over 136 pages of course material. You can read it one unit at a time.

How many credit units is PHY301?

PHY301 carries 3 credit units, at 300 level in Sciences.

Is PHY301 hard?

PHY301 is rated intermediate level, with advanced mathematical content. It is mostly theoretical and problem solving work.

How long does PHY301 take to study?

About 156 hours of study, spread across its 11 units.

How is PHY301 assessed?

PHY301 is assessed by Assignments, Tutor Marked Assessments and Final Examination.

What do I need before starting PHY301?

PHY 201: Analytical Mechanics

What can I do with PHY301?

Theoretical Physicist, Research Scientist, Aerospace Engineer, Mechanical Engineer and Data Analyst.

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