Genetics II

1. Explain the principles of population genetics and factors affecting allele frequencies.
2. Describe chromosomal aberrations and their genetic significance.
3. Discuss the mechanisms of genetic variation in plants and animals.
4. Explain microbial genetics, including replication, transcription, and translation.
5. Describe biochemical and biomedical genetics, including enzyme deficiencies and structural protein defects.
6. Apply pedigree analysis to determine inheritance patterns of human genetic disorders.

13 weeks, about 60 hours in total. Yours will differ.

1. Week 1Module 1: Population Genetics

   • Unit 1: Population Genetics · 4 hours

     Define population genetics and its goals.. Differentiate between allelic and genotypic frequencies.. Solve problems related to allelic and genotypic frequencies..

2. Week 2Module 1: Population Genetics

   • Unit 1: Population Genetics · 4 hours

     Explain the Hardy-Weinberg principle and its significance.. Discuss the factors affecting the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow.. Solve problems related to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium..

3. Week 3Module 2: Cytogenetics

   • Unit 2: Cytogenetics · 4 hours

     Define cytogenetics and its applications.. Describe the structure of DNA and RNA, including nucleotides, complementation, and antiparallel strands.. Explain the bacterial chromosome and protein structure..

4. Week 4Module 2: Cytogenetics

   • Unit 2: Cytogenetics · 4 hours

     Discuss chromosomal aberrations: structural and numerical changes.. Explain structural chromosomal aberrations: deletions, duplications, inversions, shifts, and isochromosomes.. Describe interchromosomal aberrations: translocations..

5. Week 5Module 2: Cytogenetics

   • Unit 2: Cytogenetics · 4 hours

     Explain numerical chromosomal aberrations: euploidy and aneuploidy.. Differentiate between monoploids and haploids.. Discuss polyploidy: autopolyploids, allopolyploids, and segmental allopolyploids..

6. Week 6Module 2: Cytogenetics

   • Unit 2: Cytogenetics · 4 hours

     Discuss aneuploidy: monosomy, nullisomy, trisomy, and tetrasomy.. List the applications of aneuploids in crop improvement and genetic studies.. Summarize the terms used to describe heteroploidy..

7. Week 7Module 3: Variation in Plants and Animals

   • Unit 3: Variation in Plants and Animals · 4 hours

     Explain the causes of variation in plants and animals: inherited and acquired characteristics.. Discuss gene mutations and chromosome mutations.. Describe genetic variation and genetic reshuffling..

8. Week 8Module 4: Microbial genetics

   • Unit 4: Microbial genetics · 4 hours

     Explain how genes determine sex.. Discuss cell division in bacteria: binary fission, complementation, and antiparallel strands.. Describe replication: overview, DNA polymerase, and semiconservative replication..

9. Week 9Module 4: Microbial genetics

   • Unit 4: Microbial genetics · 4 hours

     Discuss transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination.. Explain the components of translation: mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes.. Describe the process of translation..

10. Week 10Module 4: Microbial genetics

    • Unit 4: Microbial genetics · 4 hours

      Explain gene regulation: Trp operon, Lac operon, and negative vs. positive control.. Discuss mutations: point mutations (silent, missense, nonsense) and frameshift mutations.. Describe mutagens: nitrous acid, base analogs, and UV light..

11. Week 11Module 4: Microbial genetics

    • Unit 4: Microbial genetics · 4 hours

      Explain mutation rate and mutant isolation: positive and negative selection.. Discuss gene transfer: recombination, transformation, transduction, and conjugation.. Describe plasmids and transposons..

12. Week 12Module 5: Biochemical and Biomedical genetics

    • Unit 5: Biochemical and Biomedical genetics · 4 hours

      Describe viral genetics: viral structure, host range, and general lifecycle.. Explain bacteriophages: lytic and lysogenic cycles.. Discuss biochemical and biomedical genetics: variation in proteins, enzyme deficiencies, and defects of structural proteins..

13. Week 13Module 8: Further considerations of various deviations from basic principles

    • Unit 6: Human Genetics · 4 hours

      Explain single gene polymorphisms, common variations associated with disease susceptibility, and variations in non-coding DNA.. Describe the human karyotype and human chromosomal abnormalities.. Discuss human allelic disorders: recessive and dominant..

    • Unit 7: Pedigree Analysis · 4 hours

      Explain sex-linked traits and muscular dystrophy.. Describe the diagnosis of human genetic diseases: radioactive probes and RFLPs.. Define pedigree analysis and its application in human genetics..

    • Unit 8: Further considerations of various deviations from basic principles · 4 hours

      Discuss polymorphism: genetic polymorphism, mechanisms of balancing selection, pleiotropism, and epistasis.. Explain the origin of supergenes and examples of polymorphism: sexual dimorphism, human blood groups, sickle-cell anaemia, and Duffy system.. Describe genetic variation, genetic reshuffling, and how genes determine sex..