Arabic Rhetoric I (Bayan)

1. Define and explain the key concepts of Arabic rhetoric, including *balāgha*, *fasāhah*, and *bayān*.
2. Trace the historical development of Arabic rhetoric and identify the contributions of major figures.
3. Distinguish between literal and figurative language, and analyze the use of simile, metaphor, and metonymy in Arabic texts.
4. Apply the principles of Arabic rhetoric to the interpretation and analysis of the Quran and other literary works.
5. Evaluate the effectiveness of different rhetorical strategies in achieving specific communicative goals.

13 weeks, about 32 hours in total. Yours will differ.

1. Week 1Module 1: Introduction

   • Unit 1: Origins and Evolution of *Balāgha* · 2 hours

     Read the introduction to understand the significance of language and rhetoric.. Define rhetoric and *balāgha*.. Trace the historical origin of *balāgha*..

2. Week 2Module 1: Introduction

   • Unit 2: Contribution of early Arabic Rhetoricians · 2 hours

     Identify and study the contributions of Ibn Al-Mu'tazz, Qudāmah B. Ja'Far, and Abu Hilāl Al-'Askari.. Analyze their works and understand their impact on *balāgha* studies..

3. Week 3Module 1: Introduction

   • Unit 3: *Fasāhah* & *Balāgha* (Clarity & Eloquence) · 2 hours

     Define and explain the concepts of *fasāhah* and *balāgha*.. Study the conditions for a word to be *fasih* and *baligh*.. Identify if a word is *fasih* or not..

4. Week 4Module 1: Introduction

   • Unit 4: *Bayān* and *Uslūb* · 2 hours

     Understand the concept of *bayān*.. Know the different divisions of *uslūb* in Arabic rhetoric.. Analyze examples of each division..

5. Week 5Module 1: Introduction

   • Unit 5: Elements of *Bayān* · 2 hours

     Understand the different elements of rhetoric.. Give examples of each element, such as simile, metaphor, climax, irony, and synecdoche..

6. Week 6Module 2: Simile and Allegory

   • Unit 1: Uses and Components of *Tashbīh* (simile) · 2 hours

     Understand the objectives of using *tashbīh*.. Know the components of *tashbīh*.. Analyze examples of *tashbīh* in Arabic literature..

7. Week 7Module 2: Simile and Allegory

   • Unit 2: Types of *Tashbīh* (simile) · 2 hours

     Understand and identify the various kinds of *tashbīh* with appropriate examples.. Differentiate between *tashbīh mursal*, *mu'akkad*, and *balīgh*..

8. Week 8Module 2: Simile and Allegory

   • Unit 3: *Haqīqah* and *Majāz* (Veridical and Allegorical) · 2 hours

     Explain the words *haqīqah* and *majāz*.. Give examples of each, differentiating between literal and figurative usage..

9. Week 9Module 2: Simile and Allegory

   • Unit 4: Classes of *Majāz* (allegory) · 2 hours

     Explain the types of *majāz*.. Give examples of the two types of *majāz*: *majāz 'aqlī* and *majāz lughawī*..

10. Week 10Module 2: Simile and Allegory

    • Unit 5: Components of *Isti'ārah* · 2 hours

      Explain the components of *isti'ārah*.. Explain the divisions of *isti'ārah*: *asliyyah* and *taba'iyyah*..

11. Week 11Module 3: Metonymy and Hypallage

    • Unit 1: Categories of *Isti'ārah* · 2 hours

      Explain the different categories of *isti'ārah*.. Understand the concept of complicated metaphor.. Give examples of the different categories of *isti'ārah*: *mutlaqah*, *murashshhah*, and *mujarradah*..

    • Unit 2: *Al-Majāz al-mursal* (hypallage) · 2 hours

      Explain the meaning of *al-majāz l-mursal* and its links.. Understand the differences between mental (cognitive) figure and linguistic figure..

12. Week 12Module 3: Metonymy and Hypallage

    • Unit 3: *Kināyah* (metonymy) · 2 hours

      Understand the concept of *kināyah*.. Know the classification of *kināyah*: *kināyah l-sifah*, *kināyah l-mawsuf*, and *kināyah l-nisbah*..

    • Unit 4: *Kināyat 'l- nisbah* (metonymy of affinity) · 2 hours

      Understand *kināyah 'l-nisbah*.. Use deeper stylistic expressions through this model..

13. Week 13Module 3: Metonymy and Hypallage

    • Final Revision · 4 hours

      Revise all units.. Work on Tutor Marked Assignments..