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CHM421Sciences2 Unitsintermediate

HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY

This course on Heterocyclic Chemistry is designed for B.Sc. Chemistry students. It explores the chemistry and mechanistic aspects of fused heterocycles, focusing on their synthesis and applications in drug design. The course covers Quinolines, Iso-quinolines, Benzofurans, Benzothiophenes, Indoles, Benzopyrilium salts, Coumarins, and Chromones. Students will gain insight into designing synthetic routes for related heterocyclic compounds and understanding their significance in drug synthesis.

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195h
Study Time
13
Weeks
15h
Per Week
basic
Math Level
Course Keywords
Heterocyclic ChemistryQuinolinesIndolesCoumarinsDrug Synthesis

Course Overview

Everything you need to know about this course

Course Difficulty

Intermediate Level
Builds on foundational knowledge
65%
intermediate
➕
Math Level
Basic Math
🔬
Learning Type
Hands-on Practice

Course Topics

Key areas covered in this course

1

Reactions of Quinolines and Iso-quinolines

2

Synthesis of Quinolines and Iso-quinolines

3

Applications of Quinolines and Iso-quinolines in Drug Synthesis

4

Reactions of Benzopyrrole (Indole)

5

Synthesis of Benzopyrrole (Indole)

6

Applications of Indole in Drug Synthesis

7

Synthesis and Reactions of Benzofuran and Benzothiophene

8

Applications of Benzofuran and Benzothiophene in Drug Synthesis

9

Synthesis and Reactions of Coumarins and Chromones

10

Synthesis and Reactions of Benzopyrilium and Dibenzopyrilium Salts

11

Applications of Coumarins and Chromones in Drug Synthesis

Total Topics11 topics

Requirements

Knowledge and skills recommended for success

CHM311

CHM312

CHM321

💡 Don't have all requirements? Don't worry! Many students successfully complete this course with basic preparation and dedication.

Assessment Methods

How your progress will be evaluated (3 methods)

assignments

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Written Assessment

tutor-marked assessments

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Written Assessment

final examination

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Written Assessment

Career Opportunities

Explore the career paths this course opens up for you

Medicinal Chemist

Apply your skills in this growing field

Pharmaceutical Researcher

Apply your skills in this growing field

Organic Chemist

Apply your skills in this growing field

Drug Discovery Scientist

Apply your skills in this growing field

Chemical Analyst

Apply your skills in this growing field

Industry Applications

Real-world sectors where you can apply your knowledge

Pharmaceutical IndustryChemical ManufacturingDrug DevelopmentResearch and DevelopmentAcademia

Study Schedule Beta

A structured 13-week journey through the course content

Week
1

Module 1: Benzopyridines

3h

Unit 1: Reactions of Quinolines

3 study hours
  • •Read the introduction to understand the structure and properties of quinolines.
  • •Study electrophilic substitution reactions at positions 5 and 8.
  • •Practice writing reactions of quinolines with acids and Lewis acids.
Week
2

Module 1: Benzopyridines

3h

Unit 2: Synthesis of Quinolines

3 study hours
  • •Understand the Skraup synthesis of quinoline and its applications.
  • •Learn the Dӧbner-von Miller synthesis and its use of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds.
  • •Study the Conrad-Limpach synthesis and Friedlaender synthesis.
Week
3

Module 1: Benzopyridines

3h

Unit 3: Application of the Quinoline Ring System in Drug Synthesis

3 study hours
  • •Identify biologically active compounds containing the quinoline nucleus.
  • •Describe synthetic routes to quinoline derivatives of medicinal importance.
  • •Study the applications of quinolines in drug synthesis, including quinine and chloroquine.
Week
4

Module 1: Benzopyridines

3h

Unit 4: Synthesis and Reactions of Iso-quinolines

3 study hours
  • •Differentiate between isoquinoline and quinoline.
  • •Study reactions with electrophiles and nucleophiles.
  • •Understand the Bischler-Napieralski synthesis of isoquinolines.
Week
5

Module 1: Benzopyridines

3h

Unit 5: Application of the Iso-quinoline Ring System in Drug Synthesis

3 study hours
  • •Identify medicinal agents containing the isoquinoline ring system.
  • •Learn about the importance of isoquinoline derivatives in medicine.
  • •Study the synthesis of papaverine and morphine.
Week
6

Module 2: Benzofuran, Benzothiophene and Indoles

3h

Unit 1: Reactions of Benzopyrrole (Indole)

3 study hours
  • •Identify and draw the indole structure.
  • •Study electrophilic substitution reactions, focusing on C-3 substitution.
  • •Understand the Vilsmeier formylation and Mannich reaction.
Week
7

Module 2: Benzofuran, Benzothiophene and Indoles

3h

Unit 2: Synthesis of Benzopyrrole (Indole)

3 study hours
  • •Understand the Fischer-Indole synthesis and its limitations.
  • •Study the Reissert synthesis and Wender synthesis.
  • •Learn about the Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis.
Week
8

Module 2: Benzofuran, Benzothiophene and Indoles

3h

Unit 3: Application of Indole in Drug Synthesis

3 study hours
  • •State the importance of the indole nucleus in medicine.
  • •Trace the synthetic route of indomethacin.
  • •Study the applications of indole in drug synthesis, including vinca alkaloids.
Week
9

Module 2: Benzofuran, Benzothiophene and Indoles

3h

Unit 4: Synthesis and Reactions of Benzofuran and Benzothiophene

3 study hours
  • •Draw the structure of benzofuran and benzothiophene.
  • •Study electrophilic substitution reactions of benzofurans and benzothiophenes.
  • •Understand the synthesis of benzofurans and benzothiophenes.
Week
10

Module 2: Benzofuran, Benzothiophene and Indoles

3h

Unit 5: Applications of the Benzofuran and Benzothiophene Ring System in Drug Synthesis

3 study hours
  • •Explain how pharmacologically active compounds are derived from benzofuran and benzothiophene.
  • •Study the applications of benzofuran and benzothiophene derivatives in medicine.
  • •Learn about amiodarone, sertaconazole, and raloxifene.
Week
11

Module 3: Dibenzopyrones, Pyrilium Salts and Other Benzopyrones

3h

Unit 1: Synthesis and Reactions of Coumarins

3 study hours
  • •Identify the coumarin structure.
  • •Study nucleophilic and electrophilic reactions of coumarins.
  • •Understand the synthesis of coumarins from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and malonic acid.
Week
12

Module 3: Dibenzopyrones, Pyrilium Salts and Other Benzopyrones

3h

Unit 2: Reactions of Chromones

3 study hours
  • •Identify the chromone structure.
  • •Study electrophilic substitution and nucleophilic addition reactions of chromones.
  • •Understand the formation of salts with strong acids.
Week
13

Module 3: Dibenzopyrones, Pyrilium Salts and Other Benzopyrones

3h

Unit 3: Synthesis of Chromones

3 study hours
  • •Explain the synthesis of chromones from 2-hydroxyphenyl ketones.
  • •Study the synthesis of 2- and 3-substituted chromones.
  • •Understand the Claisen-like condensation in chromone synthesis.

This study schedule is in beta and may not be accurate. Please use it as a guide and consult the course outline for the most accurate information.

Course PDF Material

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Study Tips & Exam Preparation

Expert tips to help you succeed in this course

1

Create concept maps linking Modules 1-3 heterocyclic reactions and synthesis.

2

Practice drawing reaction mechanisms from Units 1-5 weekly.

3

Review all TMAs and focus on areas with tutor feedback.

4

Dedicate specific study time to drug synthesis pathways in Units 3, 5, and Module 3.

5

Use flashcards to memorize key heterocyclic structures and their properties.

6

Simulate exam conditions by answering past questions within the time limit.

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