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BIO216Sciences2 Unitsintermediate

General Biochemisty II

This course, General Biochemistry II, provides a comprehensive study of carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. It explores their chemical structures, physical and chemical properties, and their diverse roles in living organisms. The course aims to equip students with a thorough understanding of these essential macromolecules and their significance in biological systems. Students will learn about the classification, properties, and functions of each macromolecule, enhancing their knowledge of biochemistry.

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60h

Study Time

13

Weeks

5h

Per Week

basic

Math Level

Course Keywords

CarbohydratesLipidsNucleic AcidsBiochemistryMacromolecules

Course Overview

Everything you need to know about this course

Course Difficulty

Intermediate Level

Builds on foundational knowledge

65%

intermediate

➕

Math Level

Basic Math

📖

Learning Type

Theoretical Focus

Course Topics

Key areas covered in this course

1

Carbohydrates

2

Monosaccharides

3

Disaccharides

4

Lipids

5

Fatty Acids

6

Membranes

7

Nucleic Acids

8

DNA

9

RNA

Total Topics9 topics

Requirements

Knowledge and skills recommended for success

General Chemistry I

General Biology I

💡 Don't have all requirements? Don't worry! Many students successfully complete this course with basic preparation and dedication.

Assessment Methods

How your progress will be evaluated (3 methods)

assignments

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Written Assessment

tutor-marked assessments

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Written Assessment

final examination

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Computer Based Test

Career Opportunities

Explore the career paths this course opens up for you

Biochemist

Apply your skills in this growing field

Research Scientist

Apply your skills in this growing field

Laboratory Technician

Apply your skills in this growing field

Nutritionist

Apply your skills in this growing field

Pharmaceutical Scientist

Apply your skills in this growing field

Industry Applications

Real-world sectors where you can apply your knowledge

PharmaceuticalsFood ScienceHealthcareBiotechnologyResearch and Development

Study Schedule Beta

A structured 13-week journey through the course content

Week

1

Module 1: Carbohydrates

2h

Unit 1: Carbohydrates: physical properties and functions.

2 study hours

•Define carbohydrates and their classification.
•Describe the physical properties of carbohydrates.
•Explain the functional roles of carbohydrates in living systems.
•Understand the stereochemistry of carbohydrates.

Week

2

Module 1: Carbohydrates

2h

Unit 2: Monosaccharides

2 study hours

•Draw the structure of glucose.
•Describe the perspective and projection formula of glucose.
•Explain the Fisher and Haworth projection of glucose.
•Differentiate between aldose and ketose monosaccharides.

Week

3

Module 1: Carbohydrates

2h

Unit 3: Structure and Properties of Other Monosaccharides

2 study hours

•Describe the structure of monosaccharides with 3 and 4 carbon atoms.
•Draw the structure of monosaccharides with more than 5 carbon atoms.
•List and explain the properties of monosaccharides, including mutarotation and reducing property.

Week

4

Module 1: Carbohydrates

2h

Unit 4: Disaccharides

2 study hours

•Understand the chemistry of disaccharides and glycosidic bonds.
•Identify and describe different types of disaccharides: maltose, lactose, sucrose, and trehalose.
•Draw the structure of different types of disaccharides.

Week

5

Module 1: Carbohydrates

2h

Unit 5: Oligosaccharides

2 study hours

•Understand the chemistry of oligosaccharides and glycosidic linkages.
•Describe the different types of oligosaccharides: trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides, and pentasaccharides.
•Explain the functions of oligosaccharides in cell recognition and cell adhesion.

Week

6

Module 1: Carbohydrates

2h

Unit 6: Polysaccharides

2 study hours

•Classify polysaccharides into homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides.
•Describe the chemical composition of each type of polysaccharide: cellulose, starch, pectin, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin.
•Draw the structure of polysaccharides.

Week

7

Module 2: Lipids

2h

Unit 1: Chemistry of Lipids

2 study hours

•Understand the building blocks of lipids (fatty acids).
•Describe the various types of fatty acids: saturated, unsaturated, essential, and non-essential.
•Understand the structure and nomenclature of fatty acids.
•Explain the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids.

Week

8

Module 2: Lipids

2h

Unit 2: Classification of Lipids

2 study hours

•Describe the various classes of lipids: acylglycerols, phosphoacylglycerols, sphingolipids, waxes, steroids, and terpenes.
•Draw the structures of lipids of various classes.
•Differentiate between saponifiable and non-saponifiable lipids.

Week

9

Module 2: Lipids

2h

Unit 3: Properties & Method of Analysis of Lipids

2 study hours

•Explain the various functions performed by lipids in biological systems.
•Understand how to extract and analyze lipids qualitatively and quantitatively.
•Describe the solubility test, translucent spot test, emulsification test, and saponification test.

Week

10

Module 2: Lipids

2h

Unit 4: Lipoproteins lipoproteins

2 study hours

•Understand what lipoproteins are and their chemical composition.
•List the chemical composition of different types/classes of lipoproteins: HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons.
•Explain the functions of lipoproteins in lipid transport.

Week

11

Module 2: Lipids

2h

Unit 5: Membranes and membrane

2 study hours

•Explain the chemical composition of membranes: lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
•Draw the structure of biological membranes: fluid mosaic model.
•List the properties of biological membranes: fluidity, asymmetry, and selective permeability.
•Describe the functions of biological membranes: transport, signaling, and protection.

Week

12

Module 3: Nucleic Acids

4h

Unit 1: Chemistry of nucleosides

2 study hours

•Define nucleosides and their components: nitrogenous bases and pentose sugars.
•Describe the different components that are present in nucleosides.
•Draw the structure of different types of nucleosides: adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, thymidine, and uridine.

Unit 2: Chemistry of nucleotides

2 study hours

•Describe what a nucleotide is and its components: nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group.
•Draw the structures of different nucleotide types: AMP, ADP, ATP, GMP, GDP, GTP, CMP, CDP, CTP, TMP, TDP, TTP, UMP, UDP, and UTP.
•List four roles and functions of nucleotides: energy currency, coenzymes, metabolic regulation, and source of electrons.

Week

13

Module 3: Nucleic Acids

4h

Unit 3: Chemistry of nucleic acids

2 study hours

•Define nucleic acids and their basic constituents: nucleotides.
•Know the basic constituents of nucleic acids: nitrogenous bases, pentose sugars, and phosphate groups.
•Name nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.
•Describe the characteristics of nucleic acids: linkage, component, denaturation, UV absorption, and size.

Unit 4: Structure of nucleic acids

2 study hours

•Describe the structure of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA.
•Draw the structure of DNA: double helix, base pairing, and phosphodiester bonds.
•Describe the structure of RNA: single-stranded, hairpin loops, and secondary structures.
•Explain the structure and properties of different types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

This study schedule is in beta and may not be accurate. Please use it as a guide and consult the course outline for the most accurate information.

Course PDF Material

Read the complete course material as provided by NOUN.

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Study Tips & Exam Preparation

Expert tips to help you succeed in this course

1

Create concept maps linking carbohydrate structures (Units 1-6) to their metabolic pathways.

2

Practice drawing lipid structures (Module 2) from memory to reinforce chemical configurations.

3

Review the differences between DNA and RNA (Unit 5 of Module 3) and their roles in protein synthesis.

4

Focus on understanding the key enzymes and regulatory steps in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

5

Use flashcards to memorize the structures and functions of common nucleotides and their derivatives.

6

Attempt all self-assessment exercises and TMAs to identify areas needing further study.

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