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PHY391Sciences2 Unitsintermediate

Physics Laboratory II

This course provides hands-on experiments in physics, focusing on practical applications of theoretical concepts. It covers network theorems, thermistor calibration, power supplies, and filters. Students will explore operational amplifiers as summing, inverting, differentiator, and integrator circuits. The course also delves into lenses, spectral analysis, interference, polarization of light, and acoustic methods for measuring Cp/Cv. Emphasis is placed on experimental techniques, data analysis, and result interpretation.

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150h

Study Time

13

Weeks

12h

Per Week

intermediate

Math Level

Course Keywords

Network TheoremsThermistorOPAMPPolarized LightSpectrometer

Course Overview

Everything you need to know about this course

Course Difficulty

Intermediate Level

Builds on foundational knowledge

65%

intermediate

📊

Math Level

Moderate Math

🔬

Learning Type

Hands-on Practice

Course Topics

Key areas covered in this course

1

Network Theorems

2

Thermistor Calibration

3

Power Supplies and Filters

4

Operational Amplifiers

5

Properties of Lenses

6

Spectral Analysis

7

Interference of Light

8

Polarization of Light

9

Acoustic Methods

10

Phase Change

Total Topics10 topics

Requirements

Knowledge and skills recommended for success

Basic Physics

Circuit Theory

💡 Don't have all requirements? Don't worry! Many students successfully complete this course with basic preparation and dedication.

Assessment Methods

How your progress will be evaluated (3 methods)

assignments

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Written Assessment

tutor-marked assignments

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Written Assessment

final examination

Comprehensive evaluation of course material understanding

Written Assessment

Career Opportunities

Explore the career paths this course opens up for you

Electronics Technician

Apply your skills in this growing field

Instrumentation Engineer

Apply your skills in this growing field

Optical Engineer

Apply your skills in this growing field

Physics Laboratory Assistant

Apply your skills in this growing field

Research Scientist

Apply your skills in this growing field

Industry Applications

Real-world sectors where you can apply your knowledge

TelecommunicationsMedical InstrumentationAerospaceRenewable EnergyManufacturing

Study Schedule Beta

A structured 13-week journey through the course content

Week

1

Module 1: A Study of Network Theorems

5h

Unit 1: Verification of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

3 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 1.
•Study the theoretical background on network theorems.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Perform the experiment to verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
•Analyze the results and plot the graph between load resistance and power transferred.

Unit 2: Application of Superposition Theorem

2 study hours

•Set up the circuit for Superposition Theorem.
•Measure the current in the circuit with individual and combined voltage sources.
•Compare the experimental and calculated values to verify the theorem.

Week

2

Module 1: A Study of Network Theorems

5h

Unit 3: Verification of the Reciprocity Theorem

2 study hours

•Set up the circuit for Reciprocity Theorem.
•Measure the current with interchanged voltage sources.
•Compare the voltage-current ratios to verify the theorem.

Unit 4: Application of Thevenin's Theorem

3 study hours

•Set up the circuit for Thevenin's Theorem.
•Measure the current through the load resistor.
•Construct the Thevenin's equivalent circuit and measure the current again.
•Compare the currents in the original and equivalent circuits.

Week

3

Module 2: Calibration of A Thermistor And Determination of Its Energy Gap

5h

Unit 1: Calibration of thermistor

3 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 2.
•Study the material on thermistors and energy gap.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Set up the Wheatstone bridge circuit.
•Measure the resistance of the thermistor at room temperature.

Unit 2: Calibration of A Thermistor And Determination of Its Energy Gap

2 study hours

•Calibrate the thermistor using a thermocouple in a water bath.
•Record the voltage across the thermocouple and the corresponding thermistor resistance.
•Plot the graph between temperature and resistance.

Week

4

Module 2: Calibration of A Thermistor And Determination of Its Energy Gap

3h

Unit 3: Determination of Its Energy Gap

3 study hours

•Calculate the band gap energy of the thermistor material.
•Find the reciprocal of temperature and log10R.
•Plot the graph between 1/T and log10R.
•Calculate the slope of the line and determine the energy gap.

Week

5

Module 3: Construction and Characterisation of Power Supplies & Filters

5h

Unit 1: Construction and Charaterisation of Power Supplies & Filters

3 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 3.
•Study the material on power supplies and filters.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Construct a half-wave rectifier and observe the output waveform on a CRO.
•Measure the AC and DC voltages and calculate the ripple factor.

Unit 2: Half Wave Rectifier

2 study hours

•Construct a full-wave rectifier and observe the output waveform on a CRO.
•Measure the AC and DC voltages and calculate the ripple factor.
•Study the effect of capacitor input filter on the output voltage.
•Calculate the ripple factor and record the output waveform with and without the filter.

Week

6

Module 3: Construction and Characterisation of Power Supplies & Filters

5h

Unit 3: Full Wave Rectifier Capacitor Input Filter Inductor Filter LC and PI Filters

5 study hours

•Study the effect of inductor filter on the output voltage.
•Calculate the ripple factor and record the output waveform with and without the filter.
•Study the LC and PI filters and compare the ripple factor in these two filters.
•Observe the output waveform on a CRO and analyze the results.

Week

7

Module 4: Study of OPAMP as Summing and Inverting Amplifier

5h

Unit 1: Study of OPAMP as Summing and Inverting Amplifier

3 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 4.
•Study the material on OPAMP as summing and inverting amplifier.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Construct an inverting amplifier using OPAMP 741.
•Find the gain of the amplifier for different combinations of feedback resistances.

Unit 2: Study of OPAMP as Summing and Inverting Amplifier

2 study hours

•Investigate the summing operation of an OPAMP.
•Measure the input and output voltages for different resistor combinations.
•Calculate the gain and compare with the theoretical values.

Week

8

Module 5: Study OF OPAMP AS Differentiator AND Integrator

5h

Unit 1: Study OF OPAMP AS Differentiator AND Integrator

3 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 5.
•Study the material on OPAMP as differentiator and integrator.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Construct an integrator circuit using OPAMP 741.
•Integrate sine and square waves and observe the output on a CRO.

Unit 2: Study OF OPAMP AS Differentiator AND Integrator

2 study hours

•Differentiate sine and square waves using OPAMP 741.
•Observe the output on a CRO and compare with the input.
•Analyze the results and record your findings.

Week

9

Module 6: Detection and Measurement of Charge Using an OPAMP

5h

Unit 1: Detection and Measurement of Charge Using an OPAMP

3 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 6.
•Study the material on detection and measurement of charge using an OPAMP.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Null the offset of the integrator.
•Calibrate the circuit by discharging a known quantity of charge.

Unit 2: Detection and Measurement of Charge Using an OPAMP

2 study hours

•Measure the charge sensitivity of the circuit.
•Determine the capacitance of an unknown capacitor.
•Measure the magnetic flux density using a search coil.

Week

10

Module 7: Study of Some Properties of Lenses

5h

Unit 1: Study of Some Properties of Lenses

3 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 7.
•Study the material on properties of lenses.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Determine the focal length of a convex lens by the image coincidence method.
•Calculate the average focal length and estimate the error.

Unit 2: Study of Some Properties of Lenses

2 study hours

•Determine the focal length of a convex lens by the u-v method.
•Calculate the focal length and note the characteristics of the image.
•Determine the focal length of a convex lens by the graphical method.
•Draw the u-v graph and 1/u vs 1/v graph.

Week

11

Module 7: Study of Some Properties of Lenses

5h

Unit 3: Study of Some Properties of Lenses

5 study hours

•Determine the focal length of a convex lens by the distant object method.
•Calculate the average focal length and estimate the error.
•Study the relationship between lens focal length, lens diameter, and brightness of an image.
•Determine the focal length of a concave lens using a convex lens of known focal length.

Week

12

Module 8: Spectral Analysis Using a Prism Spectrometer

5h

Unit 1: Spectral Analysis Using a Prism Spectrometer

3 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 8.
•Study the material on spectral analysis using a prism spectrometer.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Adjust the spectrometer and collimator.
•Adjust the prism table and measure the angle of the prism.

Unit 2: Spectral Analysis Using a Prism Spectrometer

2 study hours

•Measure the angles of minimum deviation for various colors of light.
•Observe and interpret the solar spectrum.
•Calculate the refractive indices of the material of the prism for different wavelengths.

Week

13

Module 9: Interference of Light – Young's Experiment

5h

Unit 1: Interference of Light – Young's Experiment

5 study hours

•Read the introduction and objectives of Experiment 9.
•Study the material on interference of light and Young's experiment.
•Familiarize yourself with the apparatus and precautions.
•Set up Young's double-slit experiment.
•Measure the wavelength of the monochromatic source.

This study schedule is in beta and may not be accurate. Please use it as a guide and consult the course outline for the most accurate information.

Course PDF Material

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Study Tips & Exam Preparation

Expert tips to help you succeed in this course

1

Review all experiments, focusing on the procedures and calculations involved.

2

Practice solving numerical problems related to network theorems and circuit analysis.

3

Create diagrams and concept maps to understand the relationships between different optical phenomena.

4

Focus on understanding the principles behind each experiment, not just memorizing the steps.

5

Practice interpreting graphs and data tables to analyze experimental results.

6

Review all SAQs (Self-Assessment Questions) and ensure you can answer them thoroughly.

7

Allocate time to understand the theory behind each experiment, as this will help in answering conceptual questions.

8

Create flashcards for key terms and definitions, especially those related to optics and thermodynamics.

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